In the 20th century, the Slovene literary fiction went through several periods: the beginning of the century was marked by the authors of the Slovene Modernism, with the most influential Slovene writer and playwright, Ivan Cankar; it was then followed by expressionism (Srečko Kosovel), avantgardism (Anton Podbevšek, Ferdo Delak) and social realism (Ciril Kosmač, Prežihov Voranc) before World War II, the poetry of resistance and revolution (Karel Destovnik Kajuh, Matej Bor) during the war, and intimism (Poems of the Four, 1953), post-war modernism (Edvard Kocbek), and existentialism (Dane Zajc) after the war.
The party's president Janez Drnovšek, who served as prime minister between 1992 and 2002, was one of the most influential Slovenian politicians of the 1990s, [129] alongside President Milan Kučan (who served between 1990 and 2002). [130][131] The 2005–2008 period was characterized by over-enthusiasm after joining the EU. During the first term of Janez Janša's government, for the first time after independence, the Slovenian banks saw their loan-deposit ratios veering out of control. There was over-borrowing from foreign banks and then over-crediting of customers, including local business magnates.
[164] The main industries are motor vehicles, electric and electronic equipment, machinery, pharmaceuticals, and fuels. [147] Examples of major Slovenian companies operating in Slovenia include the home appliance manufacturer Gorenje, the pharmaceutical companies Krka and Lek (Novartis' subsidiary), the oil distributing company Petrol Group, energy distribution companys GEN, GEN-I, HSE and Revoz, a manufacturing subsidiary of Renault. [165][166][167] Energy[edit] In 2018, the net energy production was 12, 262 GWh and consumption was 14, 501 GWh.
[318] Slovenia also hosted the EuroBasket 2013. [319] The men's national handball team has qualified for three Olympics, nine IHF World Championships, including their third-place finish in 2017, [320] and thirteen European Championships. Slovenia was the hosts of the 2004 European Championship, where the national team won the silver medal. [321] Slovenia's most prominent handball team, RK Celje, won the EHF Champions League in the 2003–04 season.
Prior to World War II, gymnastics and fencing used to be the most popular sports in Slovenia, with athletes like Leon Štukelj and Miroslav Cerar gaining gold Olympic medals. [301] Association football gained popularity in the interwar period. After 1945, basketball, handball and volleyball have become popular among Slovenians, and from the mid-1970s onward, winter sports have, as well. Since 1992, Slovenian sportspeople have won 52 Olympic medals, including twelve gold medals, and 24 Paralympic medals with four golds.
The Slovene National Opera and Ballet Theatre serves as the national opera and ballet house. Traditional folk music[edit] Harmony singing is a deep rooted tradition in Slovenia, and is at least three-part singing (four voices), while in some regions even up to eight-part singing (nine voices). Slovenian folk songs, thus, usually resounds soft and harmonious, and are very seldom in minor. Traditional Slovenian folk music is performed on Styrian harmonica (the oldest type of accordion), fiddle, clarinet, zithers, flute, and by brass bands of alpine type. In eastern Slovenia, fiddle and cimbalon bands are called velike goslarije. Modern folk (Slovenian country) music[edit] From 1952 on, the Slavko Avsenik's band began to appear in broadcasts, movies, and concerts all over the West Germany, inventing the original "Oberkrainer" country sound that has become the primary vehicle of ethnic musical expression not only in Slovenia, but also in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and in the Benelux, spawning hundreds of Alpine orchestras in the process.
[311] Boxing has gained popularity since Jan Zaveck won the IBF Welterweight World Champion title in 2009. [312] In cycling, Primož Roglič became the first Slovenian to win a Grand Tour when he won the 2019 Vuelta a España. [313] In 2020, Tadej Pogačar won the Tour de France, the world's most competitive cycling race, while Primož Roglič finished second. [314] Prominent team sports in Slovenia include football, basketball, handball, volleyball, and ice hockey. The men's national football team has qualified for one European Championship (2000) and two World Cups (2002 and 2010). [315] Of Slovenian clubs, NK Maribor played three times in the group stages of the UEFA Champions League. [316] The men's national basketball team has participated at 14 EuroBaskets, winning the gold medal in the 2017 edition, [317] and at three FIBA World Championships.
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 2 February 2011. ^ "Prebivalstvo: demografsko stanje, jeziki in veroizpovedi". 10 October 2017. ^ a b "Eurobarometer 90. 4 (December 2018): Attitudes of Europeans towards Biodiversity, Awareness and Perceptions of EU customs, and Perceptions of Antisemitism", Special Eurobarometer, European Union: European Commission, 2019, retrieved 9 August 2019 – via GESIS ^ a b c Škrk, Mirjam (1999). "Recognition of States and Its (Non-)Implication on State Succession: The Case of Successor States to the Former Yugoslavia". In Mrak, Mojmir (ed.
[297] Gojmir Anton Kos was a notable realist painter and photographer between First World War and WW II. The first photographer from Slovenia whose work was published by National Geographic magazine is Arne Hodalič. [298] Sports[edit] Alpine skier Tina Maze, a double Olympic gold medalist and the overall winner of the 2012–13 World Cup season Slovenia is a natural sports venue, with many Slovenians actively practicing sports. [299] A variety of sports are played in Slovenia on a professional level, [300] with top international successes in handball, basketball, volleyball, association football, ice hockey, rowing, swimming, tennis, boxing, climbing, road cycling and athletics.
[321] In women's handball, RK Krim won the Champions League in 2001 and 2003. [322] The men's national volleyball team has won three silver medals at the European Volleyball Championship (2015, 2019 and 2021), [323] and finished fourth at the 2022 World Championship. [324] The national ice hockey team has played at 28 Ice Hockey World Championships (with 9 appearances in top division), and has participated in the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympic Games. [325] See also[edit] Outline of Slovenia Slovenia (European Parliament constituency) References[edit] ^ a b "Census 2002: 7. Population by ethnic affiliation, Slovenia, Census 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2002".
After 1910, they settled in Utah (Bingham Copper Mine), Colorado (especially Pueblo), and Butte, Montana. These areas attracted many single men (who often boarded with Slovenian families). After locating work and having sufficient money, the men sent back for their wives and families to join them. [243] Religion[edit] The National Shrine Mary Help of Christians at Brezje. Before World War II, 97% of the population declared itself Catholic (Roman Rite), around 2.
During the same period Carniola, too, came under the Franks, and was Christianised from Aquileia. Following the anti-Frankish rebellion of Liudewit at the beginning of the 9th century, the Franks removed the Carantanian princes, replacing them with their own border dukes. Consequently, the Frankish feudal system reached the Slovene territory. After the victory of Emperor Otto I over the Magyars in 955, Slovene territory was divided into a number of border regions of the Holy Roman Empire. Carantania, being the most important, was elevated into the Duchy of Carinthia in 976. By the 11th century, the Germanization of what is now Lower Austria, effectively isolated the Slovene-inhabited territory from the other western Slavs, speeding up the development of the Slavs of Carantania and of Carniola into an independent Carantanian/Carniolans/Slovene ethnic group.
S. -led War on Terror. Slovenia joined the European Union on 1 May 2004. [75] Slovenia has one Commissioner in the European Commission, and seven Slovene parliamentarians were elected to the European Parliament at elections on 13 June 2004. In 2004 Slovenia also joined NATO. [76] Slovenia subsequently succeeded in meeting the Maastricht criteria and joined the Eurozone (the first transition country to do so) on 1 January 2007. [77] It was the first post-Communist country to hold the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, for the first six months of 2008.
[302][303] Individual sports are also very popular in Slovenia, including tennis and mountaineering, which are two of the most widespread sporting activities in Slovenia. Several Slovenian extreme and endurance sportsmen have gained an international reputation, including the mountaineer Tomaž Humar, [304] the mountain skier Davo Karničar, [305] the ultramarathon swimmer Martin Strel[306] and the ultracyclist Jure Robič. [307] Past and current winter sports athletes include alpine skiers, such as Mateja Svet, Bojan Križaj, Ilka Štuhec and double Olympic gold medalist Tina Maze, [308][309] the cross-country skier Petra Majdič, [310] and ski jumpers, such as Primož Peterka and Peter Prevc.
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